Portuguese Cork
It all begins with an idea.
Portugal is the largest producer of cork globally, producing approximately 50% of the world's total.
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The cork comes primarily from the cork oak tree (Quercus suber), which thrives in the Mediterranean climate found in regions such as Alentejo and the Algarve.
Cork production is a vital industry for Portugal, contributing millions of euros to the national economy and providing employment for thousands of workers. The cork industry supports rural communities and helps preserve traditional agricultural practices. The global demand for cork, due to its natural properties and sustainability, has bolstered its economic importance further.
Cork is intertwined with Portuguese culture and heritage and has been used for centuries in various applications, from winemaking to crafting artisanal goods. The traditional cork harvesting process, known as "cork stripping," is a skill passed down through generations.
Cork harvesting is a sustainable process and the tress are protected under Portuguese law, with every cork tree in Portugal having a unique number to identify it. The cork is harvested during the summer months, typically from late May to early August. This timing is crucial because the bark is more pliable and easier to peel during this period and only mature cork oak trees (Quercus suber), usually at least 25 years old, are harvested.
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The harvesting is a skilled craft and the harvester makes a series of vertical cuts into the bark of the tree, starting from the bottom and working upwards. These cuts do not harm the tree since the vascular system is located beneath the bark and once the cuts are made, the bark is carefully pried away using specialized tools.
The cork is then stripped off in large sheets, known as "planks." Each tree can be harvested roughly every nine years, allowing the bark to regenerate. The harvested cork is then boiled to remove impurities and sterilize it. Afterward, the cork sheets are sorted based on quality and thickness. The cork is left to dry for several months, which helps enhance its properties and prepares it for various uses, such as wine stoppers, flooring, and insulation.
Cork oaks play a vital ecological role, and their harvesting supports biodiversity. The process is sustainable, as cork trees are not cut down; instead, they continue to grow and produce cork for many years. This meticulous method of harvesting ensures that both the cork and the trees are preserved for future generations.
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Cork is of paramount importance to Portugal, serving as a cornerstone for its economy, a symbol of cultural identity, and a key player in ecological sustainability.
